James Bond : ENTP or ISFP or XXXX?

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Know your Type in Four simple questions

Question 1 of 4 – What can you relate to the most?
Are involved in what is happening outside and around them
Are immersed in own world of thoughts and feelings
Question 2 of 4 – What can you relate to the most?
Wonder mostly about the past or the future
See everyone and sense everything

Question 3 of 4 – What can you relate to the most?

You connect deeply with others, sharing their joys and sorrows as your own. You share your feelings freely, fostering connection.


You approach the world with logic and reason, seeking clarity and understanding. You focus on facts and enjoy dissecting puzzles and historical events.

Question 4 of 4 – What can you relate to the most?
Plan ahead but act impulsively following the situation
Plan a schedule ahead and tend to follow it

Summary


MBTI description and physical appearance

Concluded Myers Briggs Personality Type -ISTP

Net Worth: $95 million – 2018

Quotes:

 ‘Why is it that people who can t take advice always insist on giving it. Bond, Casino Royale, 2006

Live Interview Videos:

Bio & Career :

James Bond

Ian Fleming s image of James Bond; commissioned to aid the Daily Express comic strip artists
Created by Ian Fleming
Original work Casino Royale (1953)
Print publications
Novel(s) List of novels
Short stories See list of novels
Films and television
Film(s) List of films
Short film(s) Happy and Glorious
Television series

  • “Casino Royale” (Climax! first season s third episode) (1954, first)
  • James Bond Jr. (1991–1992, most recent)

Miscellaneous
Portrayers

  • Pierce Brosnan
  • Sean Connery
  • Daniel Craig
  • Timothy Dalton
  • Bob Holness
  • Michael Jayston
  • George Lazenby
  • Roger Moore
  • Barry Nelson
  • David Niven
  • Toby Stephens

The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. Since Fleming s death in 1964, eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver, William Boydand Anthony Horowitz. The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz, published in September 2015. Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.

The character has also been adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games and film. The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $7.040 billion in total, making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date, which started in 1962 with Dr. No, starring Sean Connery as Bond. As of 2018, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series. The most recent Bond film, Spectre (2015), stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also been two independent productions of Bond films: Casino Royale (a 1967 spoof) and Never Say Never Again (a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film, Thunderball). In 2015 the series was estimated to be worth $19.9 billion,1 making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.

The Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond s cars, his guns, and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch. The films are also noted for Bond s relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as “Bond girls”.


Contents

  • 1Publication history
    • 1.1Creation and inspiration
    • 1.2Novels and related works
      • 1.2.1Ian Fleming novels
      • 1.2.2Post-Fleming novels
      • 1.2.3Young Bond
      • 1.2.4The Moneypenny Diaries
  • 2Adaptations
    • 2.1Television
    • 2.2Radio
    • 2.3Comics
    • 2.4Films
      • 2.4.1Eon Productions films
      • 2.4.2Non-Eon films
      • 2.4.3Music
    • 2.5Video games
  • 3Guns, vehicles and gadgets
    • 3.1Guns
    • 3.2Vehicles
    • 3.3Gadgets
  • 4Cultural impact
  • 5Criticisms
  • 6See also
  • 7References
  • 8Bibliography
  • 9External links

Publication history

Creation and inspiration

Main articles: James Bond (literary character) and Inspirations for James Bond
Ian Fleming created the fictional character of James Bond as the central figure for his works. Bond is an intelligence officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is known by his code number, 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Fleming based his fictional creation on a number of inspaniduals he came across during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War, admitting that Bond “was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war”.2Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had been involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway and Greece during the war.3 Aside from Fleming s brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bond s make up, including Conrad O Brien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill “Biffy” Dunderdale.2

The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. Fleming, a keen birdwatcher himself, had a copy of Bond s guide and he later explained to the ornithologist s wife that “It struck me that this brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name was just what I needed, and so a second James Bond was born”.4 He further explained that:

When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument … when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, James Bond is the dullest name I ever heard.
— Ian Fleming, The New Yorker, 21 April 19625

On another occasion, Fleming said: “I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers . Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, blunt instrument wielded by a government department.”6




Hoagy Carmichael—Fleming s view of James Bond




Fleming decided that Bond should resemble both American singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself7 and in Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd remarks, “Bond reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael, but there is something cold and ruthless.” Likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brandthinks that Bond is “certainly good-looking … Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way. That black hair falling down over the right eyebrow. Much the same bones. But there was something a bit cruel in the mouth, and the eyes were cold.”7

Fleming endowed Bond with many of his own traits, including sharing the same golf handicap, the taste for scrambled eggs and using the same brand of toiletries.8 Bond s tastes are also often taken from Fleming s own as was his behaviour,9 with Bond s love of golf and gambling mirroring Fleming s own. Fleming used his experiences of his espionage career and all other aspects of his life as inspiration when writing, including using names of school friends, acquaintances, relatives and lovers throughout his books.2

It was not until the penultimate novel, You Only Live Twice, that Fleming gave Bond a sense of family background. The book was the first to be written after the release of Dr. No in cinemas and Sean Connery s depiction of Bond affected Fleming s interpretation of the character, to give Bond both a sense of humour and Scottish antecedents that were not present in the previous stories.10 In a fictional obituary, purportedly published in The Times, Bond s parents were given as Andrew Bond, from the village of Glencoe, Scotland, and Monique Delacroix, from the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.11 Fleming did not provide Bond s date of birth, but John Pearson s fictional biography of Bond, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007, gives Bond a birth date on 11 November 1920,12 while a study by John Griswold puts the date at 11 November 1921.13

Novels and related works

Main article: List of James Bond novels and short stories

Ian Fleming novels





Goldeneye, in Jamaica, where Fleming wrote all the Bond novels14




Whilst serving in the Naval Intelligence Division, Fleming had planned to become an author15 and had told a friend, “I am going to write the spy story to end all spy stories.”2 On 17 February 1952, he began writing his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale, at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica,16 where he wrote all his Bond novels during the months of January and February each year.17 He started the story shortly before his wedding to his pregnant girlfriend, Ann Charteris, in order to distract himself from his forthcoming nuptials.18

After completing the manuscript for Casino Royale, Fleming showed the manuscript to his friend (and later editor) William Plomer to read. Plomer liked it and submitted it to the publishers, Jonathan Cape, who did not like it as much. Cape finally published it in 1953 on the recommendation of Fleming s older brother Peter, an established travel writer.17 Between 1953 and 1966, two years after his death, twelve novels and two short-story collections were published, with the last two books – The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights  published posthumously.19 All the books were published in the UK through Jonathan Cape.

  • 1953 Casino Royale20
  • 1954 Live and Let Die21
  • 1955 Moonraker22
  • 1956 Diamonds Are Forever23
  • 1957 From Russia, with Love24
  • 1958 Dr. No25
  • 1959 Goldfinger26
  • 1960 For Your Eyes Only27 (short stories)
  • 1961 Thunderball28
  • 1962 The Spy Who Loved Me29
  • 1963 On Her Majesty s Secret Service30
  • 1964 You Only Live Twice31
  • 1965 The Man with the Golden Gun32
  • 1966 Octopussy and The Living Daylights33 (short stories; “The Property of a Lady” added to subsequent editions)

Post-Fleming novels

After Fleming s death a continuation novel, Colonel Sun, was written by Kingsley Amis (as Robert Markham) and published in 1968.34 Amis had already written a literary study of Fleming s Bond novels in his 1965 work The James Bond Dossier.35 Although novelizations of two of the Eon Productions Bond films appeared in print, James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me and James Bond and Moonraker, both written by screenwriter Christopher Wood,36 the series of novels did not continue until the 1980s. In 1981 the thriller writer John Gardner picked up the series with Licence Renewed.37 Gardner went on to write sixteen Bond books in total; two of the books he wrote – Licence to Kill and GoldenEye  were novelizations of Eon Productions films of the same name. Gardner moved the Bond series into the 1980s, although he retained the ages of the characters as they were when Fleming had left them.38 In 1996 Gardner retired from writing James Bond books due to ill health.39

  • 1981 Licence Renewed40
  • 1982 For Special Services41
  • 1983 Icebreaker42
  • 1984 Role of Honour43
  • 1986 Nobody Lives for Ever44
  • 1987 No Deals, Mr. Bond45
  • 1988 Scorpius46
  • 1989 Win, Lose or Die47
  • 1989 Licence to Kill36 (novelization)
  • 1990 Brokenclaw48
  • 1991 The Man from Barbarossa49
  • 1992 Death is Forever50
  • 1993 Never Send Flowers51
  • 1994 SeaFire52
  • 1995 GoldenEye36 (novelization)
  • 1996 Cold53

In 1996 the American author Raymond Benson became the author of the Bond novels. Benson had previously been the author of The James Bond Bedside Companion, first published in 1984.54 By the time he moved on to other, non-Bond related projects in 2002, Benson had written six Bond novels, three novelizations and three short stories.55

  • 1997 “Blast From the Past”56 (short story)
  • 1997 Zero Minus Ten57
  • 1997 Tomorrow Never Dies36 (novelization)
  • 1998 The Facts of Death58
  • 1999 “Midsummer Night s Doom”59 (short story)
  • 1999 “Live at Five”60 (short story)
  • 1999 The World Is Not Enough36 (novelization)
  • 1999 High Time to Kill61
  • 2000 DoubleShot62
  • 2001 Never Dream of Dying63
  • 2002 The Man with the Red Tattoo64
  • 2002 Die Another Day36 (novelization)

After a gap of six years, Sebastian Faulks was commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to write a new Bond novel, which was released on 28 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of Fleming s birth.65 The book—titled Devil May Care—was published in the UK by Penguin Books and by Doubleday in the US.66 American writer Jeffery Deaver was then commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to produce Carte Blanche, which was published on 26 May 2011.67 The book updated Bond into a post-9/11 agent, independent of MI5or MI6.68 On 26 September 2013 Solo, written by William Boyd, was published, set in 1969.69 In October 2014 it was announced that Anthony Horowitz was to write a Bondcontinuation novel.70 Set in the 1950s two weeks after the events of Goldfinger, it contains material written, but previously unreleased, by Fleming. Trigger Mortis was released on 8 September 2015.717273

  • 2008 Devil May Care
  • 2011 Carte Blanche
  • 2013 Solo
  • 2015 Trigger Mortis

Young Bond

Main article: Young Bond
The Young Bond series of novels was started by Charlie Higson74 and, between 2005 and 2009, five novels and one short story were published.75 The first Young Bond novel, SilverFin was also adapted and released as a graphic novel on 2 October 2008 by Puffin Books.76 In October 2013 Ian Fleming Publications announced that Stephen Cole would continue the series, with the first edition scheduled to be released in Autumn 2014.77

  • 2005 SilverFin78
  • 2006 Blood Fever79
  • 2007 Double or Die80
  • 2007 Hurricane Gold81
  • 2008 By Royal Command82 & SilverFin83 (graphic novel)
  • 2009 “A Hard Man to Kill”84 (short story)

The Moneypenny Diaries

Main article: The Moneypenny Diaries
The Moneypenny Diaries are a trilogy of novels chronicling the life of Miss Moneypenny, M s personal secretary. The novels are penned by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook, who is depicted as the book s “editor”.85 The first instalment of the trilogy, subtitled Guardian Angel, was released on 10 October 2005 in the UK.86 A second volume, subtitled Secret Servant was released on 2 November 2006 in the UK, published by John Murray.87 A third volume, subtitled Final Fling was released on 1 May 2008.88

  • 2005 The Moneypenny Diaries: Guardian Angel89
  • 2006 Secret Servant: The Moneypenny Diaries90
  • 2008 The Moneypenny Diaries: Final Fling91

Adaptations

Television

In 1954 CBS paid Ian Fleming $1,000 ($9,113 in 2017 dollars92) to adapt his novel Casino Royale into a one-hour television adventure as part of its Climax! series.93 The episode aired live on 21 October 1954 and starred Barry Nelson as “Card Sense” James Bond and Peter Lorre as Le Chiffre.94 The novel was adapted for American audiences to show Bond as an American agent working for “Combined Intelligence”, while the character Felix Leiter—American in the novel—became British onscreen and was renamed “Clarence Leiter”.95

In 1973 a BBC documentary Omnibus: The British Hero featured Christopher Cazenove playing a number of such title characters (e.g. Richard Hannay and Bulldog Drummond). The documentary included James Bond in dramatised scenes from Goldfinger—notably featuring 007 being threatened with the novel s circular saw, rather than the film s laser beam—and Diamonds Are Forever.96 In 1991 a TV cartoon series James Bond Jr. was produced with Corey Burton in the role of Bond s nephew, also called James Bond.97

Radio

In 1956 the novel Moonraker was adapted for broadcast on South African radio, with Bob Holness providing the voice of Bond.98 According to The Independent, “listeners across the Union thrilled to Bob s cultured tones as he defeated evil master criminals in search of world domination”.99

The BBC have adapted five of the Fleming novels for broadcast: in 1990 You Only Live Twice was adapted into a 90-minute radio play for BBC Radio 4 with Michael Jayston playing James Bond. The production was repeated a number of times between 2008 and 2011.100 On 24 May 2008 BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation of Dr. No. The actor Toby Stephens, who played Bond villain Gustav Graves in the Eon Productions version of Die Another Day, played Bond, while Dr. No was played by David Suchet.101 Following its success, a second story was adapted and on 3 April 2010 BBC Radio 4 broadcast Goldfinger with Stephens again playing Bond.102 Sir Ian McKellen was Goldfinger and Stephens  Die Another Day co-star Rosamund Pike played Pussy Galore. The play was adapted from Fleming s novel by Archie Scottney and was directed by Martin Jarvis.103 In 2012 the novel From Russia, with Love was dramatized for Radio 4; it featured a full cast again starring Stephens as Bond.104 In May 2014 Stephens again played Bond, in On Her Majesty s Secret Service, with Alfred Molina as Blofeld, and Joanna Lumley as Irma Bunt.105

Comics

Main articles: James Bond (comic strip) and James Bond comic books




John McLusky s rendition of James Bond




In 1957 the Daily Express approached Ian Fleming to adapt his stories into comic strips, offering him £1,500 per novel and a share of takings from syndication.106 After initial reluctance, Fleming, who felt the strips would lack the quality of his writing, agreed.107 To aid the Daily Express in illustrating Bond, Fleming commissioned an artist to create a sketch of how he believed James Bond looked. The illustrator, John McLusky, however, felt that Fleming s 007 looked too “outdated” and “pre-war” and changed Bond to give him a more masculine look.108 The first strip, Casino Royalewas published from 7 July 1958 to 13 December 1958109 and was written by Anthony Hern and illustrated by John McLusky.110

Most of the Bond novels and short stories have since been adapted for illustration, as well as Kingsley Amis s Colonel Sun; the works were written by Henry Gammidge or Jim Lawrence with Yaroslav Horak replacing McClusky as artist in 1966.109 After the Fleming and Amis material had been adapted, original stories were produced, continuing in the Daily Express and Sunday Express until May 1977.108

Several comic book adaptations of the James Bond films have been published through the years: at the time of Dr. No s release in October 1962, a comic book adaptation of the screenplay, written by Norman J. Nodel, was published in Britain as part of the Classics Illustrated anthology series.111It was later reprinted in the United States by DC Comics as part of its Showcase anthology series, in January 1963. This was the first American comic book appearance of James Bond and is noteworthy for being a relatively rare example of a British comic being reprinted in a fairly high-profile American comic. It was also one of the earliest comics to be censored on racial grounds (some skin tones and dialogue were changed for the American market).112111

With the release of the 1981 film For Your Eyes Only, Marvel Comics published a two-issue comic book adaptation of the film.113114 When Octopussy was released in the cinemas in 1983, Marvel published an accompanying comic;111 Eclipse also produced a one-off comic for Licence to Kill, although Timothy Dalton refused to allow his likeness to be used.115 New Bond stories were also drawn up and published from 1989 onwards through Marvel, Eclipse Comics and Dark Horse Comics.111114

Films

Main article: James Bond in film

Eon Productions films





Sean Connery during the filming of Diamonds Are Forever in 1971




In 1962 Eon Productions, the company of Canadian Harry Saltzman and American Albert R. “Cubby” Broccoli, released the first cinema adaptation of an Ian Fleming novel, Dr. No, featuring Sean Connery as 007.116 Connery starred in a further four films before leaving the role after You Only Live Twice,117 which was taken up by George Lazenby for On Her Majesty s Secret Service.118 Lazenby left the role after just one appearance and Connery was brought back for his last Eon-produced film Diamonds Are Forever.119

In 1973 Roger Moore was appointed to the role of 007 for Live and Let Die and played Bond a further six times over twelve years before being replaced by Timothy Dalton for two films. After a six-year hiatus, during which a legal wrangle threatened Eon s productions of the Bond films,120Irish actor Pierce Brosnan was cast as Bond in GoldenEye, released in 1995; he remained in the role for a total of four films, before leaving in 2002. In 2006, Daniel Craig was given the role of Bond for Casino Royale, which rebooted the series.121 Craig has appeared for a total of four films and his fifth is scheduled for release in 2020.122 The series has grossed almost $7 billion to date, making it the third-highest-grossing film series (behind Harry Potter and the films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe),123 and the single most successful adjusted for inflation.124

Title Year Actor Director
Dr. No 1962 Sean Connery Terence Young
From Russia with Love 1963
Goldfinger 1964 Guy Hamilton
Thunderball 1965 Terence Young
You Only Live Twice 1967 Lewis Gilbert
On Her Majesty s Secret Service 1969 George Lazenby Peter R. Hunt
Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Sean Connery Guy Hamilton
Live and Let Die 1973 Roger Moore
The Man with the Golden Gun 1974
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Lewis Gilbert
Moonraker 1979
For Your Eyes Only 1981 John Glen
Octopussy 1983
A View to a Kill 1985
The Living Daylights 1987 Timothy Dalton
Licence to Kill 1989
GoldenEye 1995 Pierce Brosnan Martin Campbell
Tomorrow Never Dies 1997 Roger Spottiswoode
The World Is Not Enough 1999 Michael Apted
Die Another Day 2002 Lee Tamahori
Casino Royale 2006 Daniel Craig Martin Campbell
Quantum of Solace 2008 Marc Forster
Skyfall 2012 Sam Mendes
Spectre 2015
Bond 25 2020 Cary Fukunaga125

Non-Eon films

In 1967 Casino Royale was adapted into a parody Bond film starring David Niven as Sir James Bond and Ursula Andress as Vesper Lynd. Niven had been Fleming s preference for the role of Bond.126 The result of a court case in the High Court in London in 1963 allowed Kevin McClory to produce a remake of Thunderball titled Never Say Never Again in 1983.127 The film, produced by Jack Schwartzman s Taliafilm production company and starring Sean Connery as Bond, was not part of the Eon series of Bond films. In 1997 the Sony Corporation acquired all or some of McClory s rights in an undisclosed deal,127 which were then subsequently acquired by MGM, whilst on 4 December 1997, MGM announced that the company had purchased the rights to Never Say Never Again from Taliafilm.128 As of 2015, Eon holds the full adaptation rights to all of Fleming s Bond novels.127129

Title Year Actor Director(s)
Casino Royale 1967 David Niven Ken Hughes
John Huston
Joseph McGrath
Robert Parrish
Val Guest
Richard Talmadge
Never Say Never Again 1983 Sean Connery Irvin Kershner

Music

Main article: James Bond music

“… cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable.”
—David Arnold


The “James Bond Theme” was written by Monty Norman and was first orchestrated by the John Barry Orchestra for 1962 s Dr. No, although the actual authorship of the music has been a matter of controversy for many years.130 In 2001, Norman won £30,000 in libel damages from The Sunday Times newspaper, which suggested that Barry was entirely responsible for the composition.131 The theme, as written by Norman and arranged by Barry, was described by another Bond film composer, David Arnold, as “bebop-swing vibe coupled with that vicious, dark, distorted electric guitar, definitely an instrument of rock n roll … it represented everything about the character you would want: It was cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable. And he did it in two minutes.”132Barry composed the scores for eleven Bond films133 and had an uncredited contribution to Dr. No with his arrangement of the Bond Theme.132

A Bond film staple are the theme songs heard during their title sequences sung by well-known popular singers.134 Several of the songs produced for the films have been nominated for Academy Awards for Original Song, including Paul McCartney s “Live and Let Die”,135 Carly Simon s “Nobody Does It Better”,136 Sheena Easton s “For Your Eyes Only”,137Adele s “Skyfall”,138 and Sam Smith s “Writing s on the Wall”.139 Adele won the award at the 85th Academy Awards, and Smith won at the 88th Academy Awards.140 For the non-Eon produced Casino Royale, Burt Bacharach s score included “The Look of Love”, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song.141

Video games

Main article: James Bond in video games
In 1983 the first Bond video game, developed and published by Parker Brothers, was released for the Atari 2600, the Atari 5200, the Atari 800, the Commodore 64 and the ColecoVision.142 Since then, there have been numerous video games either based on the films or using original storylines. In 1997 the first-person shooter video game GoldenEye 007 was developed by Rare for the Nintendo 64, based on the 1995 Pierce Brosnan film GoldenEye.143 The game received very positive reviews,144 won the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Award for UK Developer of the Year in 1998145 and sold over eight million copies worldwide,146147 grossing $250 million.148

In 1999 Electronic Arts acquired the licence and released Tomorrow Never Dies on 16 December 1999.149 In October 2000, they released The World Is Not Enough150 for the Nintendo 64151 followed by 007 Racing for the PlayStation on 21 November 2000.152 In 2003, the company released James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing,153 which included the likenesses and voices of Pierce Brosnan, Willem Dafoe, Heidi Klum, Judi Dench and John Cleese, amongst others.154 In November 2005, Electronic Arts released a video game adaptation of 007: From Russia with Love,155 which involved Sean Connery s image and voice-over for Bond.155 In 2006 Electronic Arts announced a game based on then-upcoming film Casino Royale: the game was cancelled because it would not be ready by the film s release in November of that year. With MGM losing revenue from lost licensing fees, the franchise was removed from EA to Activision.156 Activision subsequently released the 007: Quantum of Solace game on 31 October 2008, based on the film of the same name.157

A new version of GoldenEye 007 featuring Daniel Craig was released for the Wii and a handheld version for the Nintendo DS in November 2010.158 A year later a new version was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 under the title GoldenEye 007: Reloaded.159160 In October 2012 007 Legends was released, which featured one mission from each of the Bond actors of the Eon Productions series.161

Guns, vehicles and gadgets

Main articles: List of James Bond vehicles and List of James Bond gadgets

Guns

For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418162 until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming s choice of firearm for Bond,163 calling it “a lady s gun and not a very nice lady at that!”164 Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to Dr. No.165 Boothroyd also gave Fleming advice on the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster and a number of the weapons used by SMERSH and other villains.166 In thanks, Fleming gave the MI6 Armourer in his novels the name Major Boothroyd and, in Dr. No, M introduces him to Bond as “the greatest small-arms expert in the world”.165 Bond also used a variety of rifles, including the Savage Model 99 in “For Your Eyes Only” and a Winchester .308 target rifle in “The Living Daylights”.162 Other handguns used by Bond in the Fleming books included the Colt Detective Special and a long-barrelled Colt .45 Army Special.162

The first Bond film, Dr. No, saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK,167 which the film Bond used in eighteen films.168 In Tomorrow Never Dies and the two subsequent films, Bond s main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol.168




An Aston Martin DB5 as seen in Goldfinger.



Vehicles

In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley 4½ Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger.169 After Bond s car was written off by Hugo Drax in Moonraker, Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series.170 During Goldfinger, Bond was issued with an Aston Martin DB Mark III with a homing device, which he used to track Goldfinger across France. Bond returned to his Bentley for the subsequent novels.170

The Bond of the films has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage,171 during the 1980s, the V12 Vanquish171 and DBS172 during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit;173 the BMW Z3,174 BMW 750iL174 and the BMW Z8.174 He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a Routemaster Bus, amongst others.175

Bond s most famous car is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in Goldfinger;176 it later featured in ThunderballGoldenEyeTomorrow Never DiesCasino RoyaleSkyfall and Spectre.177178 The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,1 million to an unnamed European collector.179In 2010, another DB5 used in Goldfinger was sold at auction for $4.6m million (£2.6 million).180

Gadgets





The Little Nellie autogyro with its creator and pilot, Ken Wallis




Fleming s novels and early screen adaptations presented minimal equipment such as the booby-trapped attaché case in From Russia with Love, although this situation changed dramatically with the films.181 However, the effects of the two Eon-produced Bond films Dr. No and From Russia with Love had an effect on the novel The Man with the Golden Gun, through the increased number of devices used in Fleming s final story.182

For the film adaptations of Bond, the pre-mission briefing by Q Branch became one of the motifs that ran through the series.183 Dr. Noprovided no spy-related gadgets, but a Geiger counter was used; industrial designer Andy Davey observed that the first ever onscreen spy-gadget was the attaché case shown in From Russia with Love, which he described as “a classic 007 product”.184 The gadgets assumed a higher profile in the 1964 film Goldfinger. The film s success encouraged further espionage equipment from Q Branch to be supplied to Bond, although the increased use of technology led to an accusation that Bond was over-reliant on equipment, particularly in the later films.185

“If it hadn t been for Q Branch, you d have been dead long ago!”
—Q, to Bond, Licence to Kill


Davey noted that “Bond s gizmos follow the zeitgeist more closely than any other … nuance in the films”184 as they moved from the potential representations of the future in the early films, through to the brand-name obsessions of the later films.184 It is also noticeable that, although Bond uses a number of pieces of equipment from Q Branch, including the Little Nellie autogyro,186 a jet pack187 and the exploding attaché case,188 the villains are also well-equipped with custom-made devices,184including Scaramanga s golden gun,189 Rosa Klebb s poison-tipped shoes,190 Oddjob s steel-rimmed bowler hat191 and Blofeld s communication devices in his agents vanity case.184

Cultural impact

See also: List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs




Fleming s Bond novels








James Bond Island (Khao Phing Kan, Thailand)




Cinematically, Bond has been a major influence within the spy genre since the release of Dr. No in 1962,192with 22 secret agent films released in 1966 alone attempting to capitalise on the Bond franchise s and success.193 The first parody was the 1964 film Carry On Spying, which shows the villain Dr. Crow being overcome by agents who included James Bind (Charles Hawtry) and Daphne Honeybutt (Barbara Windsor).194 One of the films that reacted against the portrayal of Bond was the Harry Palmer series, whose first film, The Ipcress File was released in 1965. The eponymous hero of the series was what academic Jeremy Packer called an “anti-Bond”,195 or what Christoph Lindner calls “the thinking man s Bond”.196 The Palmer series were produced by Harry Saltzman, who also used key crew members from the Bond series, including designer Ken Adam, editor Peter R. Hunt and composer John Barry.197 The four “Matt Helm” films starring Dean Martin (released between 1966 and 1969),198 the “Flint” series starring James Coburn (comprising two films, one each in 1966 and 1969),199 while The Man from U.N.C.L.E. also moved onto the cinema screen, with eight films released: all were testaments to Bond s prominence in popular culture.133 More recently, the Austin Powers series by writer, producer and comedian Mike Myers,200 and other parodies such as the 2003 film Johnny English,201 have also used elements from or parodied the Bond films.

Following the release of the film Dr. No in 1962, the line “Bond … James Bond”, became a catch phrase that entered the lexicon of Western popular culture: writers Cork and Scivally said of the introduction in Dr. No that the “signature introduction would become the most famous and loved film line ever”.202 In 2001, it was voted as the “best-loved one-liner in cinema” by British cinema goers,203 and in 2005, it was honoured as the 22nd greatest quotation in cinema history by the American Film Institute as part of their 100 Years Series.204 The 2005 American Film Institute s 100 Years series recognised the character of James Bond himself as the third greatest film hero.205 He was also placed at number 11 on a similar list by Empire206 and as the fifth greatest movie character of all time by Premiere.207

The 23 James Bond films produced by Eon Productions, which have grossed $4,910 million in box office returns alone,208 have made the series one of the highest-grossing ever. It is estimated that since Dr. No, a quarter of the world s population have seen at least one Bond film.209 The UK Film Distributors Association have stated that the importance of the Bond series of films to the British film industry cannot be overstated, as they “form the backbone of the industry”.210

Television also saw the effect of Bond films, with the NBC series The Man from U.N.C.L.E.,211 which was described as the “first network television imitation” of Bond,212 largely because Fleming provided advice and ideas on the development of the series, even giving the main character the name Napoleon Solo.213 Other 1960s television series inspired by Bond include I Spy,199 and Get Smart.214

A British cultural icon, by 2012, James Bond had become such a symbol of the United Kingdom that the character, played by Craig, appeared in the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics as Queen Elizabeth II s escort.215216

Throughout the life of the film series, a number of tie-in products have been released.217 In 2018 a James Bond museum opened atop of Austrian Alps.218 The futuristic museum is constructed on the summit of Gaislachkogl Mountain in Sölden at 3,048 m above sea level.219220

Criticisms

The James Bond character and related media have triggered a number of criticisms and reactions across the political spectrum, and are still highly debated in popular culture studies.221222 Some observers accuse the Bond novels and films of misogyny and sexism.223 Geographers have considered the role of exotic locations in the movies in the dynamics of the Cold War, with power struggles among blocs playing out in the peripheral areas.224 Other critics claim that the Bond films reflect imperial nostalgia.225226American conservative critics, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, saw Bond as a nihilistic, hedonistic, and amoral character that challenged family values.


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